托福写作

自2026.1.21托福改革后，“综合写作”取消，“学术写作”保留，新增了“造句”和“邮件”两种新题型。下面的内容，均总结自B站Vince9120的视频

2026新托福写作：Build a Sentence 句子排序 句子重组 造句 组句

Build A Sentence

共10道题，需在6分50秒之内完成答题。

分析情景

题目首先有一句情景句来模拟对话的场景。比如：The printer in the library keeps jamming. What should I do?
下面是需要填写的单词和空格，需要把单词按正确的顺序拖拽到空格中完成情景中的回答。我们作答的部分可能会有已有的提示词，也可能没有，即全是空格。此外，可选词的数量也可能比空格的数量更多。比如： ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ right now.
需要填的词有：could, ask, for, help, you, IT service desk, the

那么这题干的情景句，有以下三种类型：

• 特殊疑问句 (Wh- Questions): Why didn’t you attend your morning class?
• 一般疑问句 (Yes/No Questions): Are you planning to attend the conference next month?
• 陈述句 / 信息分享 (Statements):The university’s conference on climate change was very informative.

那么我们可以按照下面的顺序作答：

1. 确定语序：根据题干情景句的类型，可以确认回答句应该是陈述句或者疑问句，从而确定语序。
2. 确定主语：根据可选词的词性，结合题干，从而确定主语
3. 确定时态 / 确定意思

锚定主句

基本上，主句分为：主谓 / 主谓宾 / 主系表 这三种句式。 那么我们可以按照下面的顺序作答：

1. 确定主语
2. 确定谓语
3. 确定宾语 / 表语

• 主语：

• 谓语：

例题：

Did you enjoy the student film festival? ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ me. movies, to, the, none of, were, of interest

• 按照词性判断，主语只能是 movies, 谓语只能是 were, 表语只能是 of interest。
• 那么答案应该是：None of movies were of interest to me.

定位从句

从句类型有名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句（不常考），那么我们可以按照下面的顺序作答：

1. 确定从句类型
2. 确定从句连词
3. 确定从句语序
4. 确定从句时态

大致可以这么判断：

• know, tell, ask, see, wonder + 宾语从句

• 介词 (in/on/at…) + 宾语从句

• 名词 + 定语从句

• 句尾/句首 - 状语从句

• 名词性从句：

• 定语从句：

• 如何区分 if 引导的从句类型：

前面的动词是 know / ask / wonder / tell… → if 就是引导宾语从句

例题：

My sister ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ can, suggest, one, that, you, might interest, be

先确定主句：My sister can suggest one … one这里是代词，代指一本书，后面可以加定语从句。剩下的词当中，you的位置比较重要，应该是放在 interest 之后作宾语。若放在从句主语的位置则语义不通。 答案应该是：My sister can suggest one that might interest you.

检查修饰语

那么我们可以按照下面的顺序作答：

1. 检查定语
2. 检查状语

• 定语

• 句中状语 频度 / 程度 / 否定副词的位置

永远在实义动词前 或 be动词后。

• 句末状语 副词 / 介词短语 / to do / 状语从句

多个句末状语共存时，一般顺序为：方式、地点、时间。

例题：

1. Why didn’t you attend the campus fair last night? We went to the restaurant that (opened downtown recently) / (recently opened downtown). 可见副词 “recently” 前置或者后置，语法都是正确的，前置修饰 “opened” 后置修饰 “went” 或者 “opened”。 但是关注语境可以发现，问题问 “last night” 那么回答中，“recently” 后置就会在语义上奇怪。

2. Why did the university administration email us about our upcoming conference? They wanted ___ ___ ___ ___ ___. confirmed so, far, to know, which speakers, have been “so far” 连起来作为时间可以放到句末，“wanted” 后跟 “to know”。

Academic Discussion

Intro

• Questions Types
  • Evaluation
  • Comparison
  • Solution
  • Argument
• Topics
  • Education
  • Work
  • Environment
  • Tech
  • Urban Development
  • Economy
  • Social Issues

Steps

• Topic
  • 120-180 words of relevant discussion with reasoning, example, and preferably concession.
• Coherence
  • Clear topic, flow of idea, and connection between sentences
• Language
  • Various, accurate, and natural
• Grammar
  • A mix of simple and complex sentences, preferably with attributive clauses and participles

Prompt

• 例文：

From my perspective, social media companies should regulate their platforms themselves rather than governments since it is the most effective way to build up tailored regulation systems.

To be more specific, social media companies are familiar with the environment of the platforms and have a better understanding of which areas may present potential issues. Therefore, when it comes to bad content from the users, these companies could react on it quickly, minimizing the negative impact.

For example, social media companies like Reddit have dedicated departments to monitor different parts of platforms real-time, which enables the rules to be obeyed meticulously. Moreover, these companies can analyze such negative user behaviors and then refine their regulation systems, creating tailored approaches.

Still, some might claim that allowing the companies to manage themselves lacks fairness, as different companies may set varying standards. However, governments can provide broad guidelines to ensure that these platforms align with public interests, while also allow businesses some flexibility to implement specific measures based on their unique platforms and users.

Structure

• Structure 1: Point & Elaboration + Further Elaboration + Example + Concession
• Structure 2 : Point & Elaboration + Further Elaboration +Second Point & Elaboration + Further Elaboration
• Structure 3 : Point & Elaboration + Further Elaboration + Full Concession
• Structure 4 : Point & Elaboration + Further Elaboration + Sublimation

Comparison

• Which approach do you think is better: assessing students based only on their performance, OR also based on their effort?
• One proposal is to… The other is to… Which proposal do you think is better? Why?
• What is the best way to evaluate teachers: Students’ test scores? Students’ feedback? Other teachers’ evaluation? Which is the best and why?

Evaluation

• What is your opinion on gap year? Does it bring more advantages or disadvantages to students?
• Do you think it’s a good idea for very young children to play educational computer games? Why or why not?
• Is journal writing a worthwhile activity to support learning? Why or why not?

Argument

• Do you think ongoing job training is the most important investment a business can make?
• Will people have more free time and be able to enjoy more leisure activities in the future?

Solution

• What is the biggest mistake that people make when it comes to the purchase of tech products?
• In what area should the government reduce its spending for a budget cut?

Point & Elaboration

• Example：

Prof. : Which approach do you think is better:

1. assessing students based only on their performance;
2. or also based on their effort?

Student1 : Effort - learn something, will benefit them in their future life.

Student2 : Performance - fair

• Common Points in Education :
  • Academic development / Effectiveness of study
  • Personal development / Career development
  • Teamworking and communication skills

Point Template

I believe that … / I firmly hold the idea that … / In my opinion, … / As far as I am concerned, … / It is obvious that …

1. Practical experience will greatly promote / hinder students’ academic development as they can deepen their understanding in their field of study. (25)
2. The overuse of technology will have a positive / negative impact on our personal development since it will hinder our independent thinking. (29)
3. We shall definitely prioritize economic development over environmental protection due to the fact that a stable economy is the very foundation of social, scientific, and industrial development. (31)
4. The fact that discussion involves active exchange of ideas between participants indicates that such style of learning drives us to strengthen our communication skills. (24)

How to Point

• I think score is good for students because they learn knowledge.

  • I believe grading shall focus on students’ performance on assignments and tests, since it is the most effective way to measure the progress in their study. (27)

• I believe effort is important because experience is good.

  • In my opinion, effort is an important element to be considered in study and grading due to the fact that students learn from both what they have done right and what they have done wrong. (31)

Elaboration Template

• To be more specific, during a discussion, students not only have to come up with their own thoughts but also consider those from others, which stimulates an active way of thinking.
• To elaborate, practical experience will help students witness the true nature of a job instead of developing some random imagination based on their limited experience, developing a real passion in their field of study.
• In other words, it is only in a prosperous, stable, and developed society that we can allocate extra resources to implement the protection of the environment.
• More specifically, instead of thinking and analyzing a problem, people might rely on technology to search for quick answers to every question they have in life and study.

How to Elaborate

• I believe effort is important because experience is good. As far as I am concerned, the fact that students learn from both good and bad results in study indicates that effort is an important element to be considered in study and grading. (33)
  • To elaborate, students not only gain academic knowledge from a correct understanding of class materials, but also obtain a stronger resilience and judgment power through their mistakes, developing both technical and life skills. (35)

More Examples

• Do you think ongoing job training is the most important investment a business can make?

  • It is certain that ongoing job training is an essential part of business because it helps employees to stay competitive in today’s rapidly changing world. (27) To be more specific, instead of relying on outdated skillsets, ongoing job training not only provides employees an insight into advanced strategies but also equip them with competitive technical skills, which in turn helps the company to keep vibrant. (39)

• What is the biggest mistake that people make when it comes to purchase of tech products?

  • The biggest mistake in the purchase of tech products is that consumers almost always pay for what they do not need since people are easily misled by advertisements. (28) To elaborate, TV and internet commercials usually illustrate the most sophisticated and powerful functions of high-tech products in an exaggerated manner, which are unfortunately rarely needed. (26)

Example

Substantiation

1. Focused on topic
2. Factual illustration
3. Good language

How to make a Substantiation

• To be more specific, performance on assignments and tests best reflect students’ understanding of academic concepts and their problem-solving skills, which are also the objective of most courses. (29)

  • For example, the score on a mathematics test indicates if the student has completely understood formulas and theories, and if they can apply them in various conditions. (27)

• Electronic devices help students on their study.

  • For example, students can find different ways of thinking for whatever questions they have with their mobile phones wherever they are, greatly broadening their mind. (25)

Story Telling

1. Focused on topic
2. Vivid with relevant details
3. Good language

How to Tell a Story

• Electronic devices help students on their study.

  • For instance, last week, my little niece had a homework. She used her mobile phone to search for information on the internet. Finally, she got a good grade.
  • For instance, last week, my little niece had a homework from her biology class. She used her mobile phone to search for diverse information on the internet. Finally, she got a good grade for the excellent work.
  • For instance, last week, my little niece had a homework from her biology class about animal behaviors. Instead of relying on limited knowledge on books, she used her mobile phone to search for diverse information on the internet, including why and how animals play, which earned her a good grade for the excellent work. (54)

• What is the biggest mistake that people make when it comes to the purchase of tech products?

  • The biggest mistake in the purchase of tech products is that consumers almost always pay for what they do not need since people are easily misled by advertisements. (28) To elaborate, TV and internet commercials usually illustrate the most sophisticated and powerful functions of high-tech products in an exaggerated manner, which are unfortunately rarely needed. (26)
  • For example, commercials may demonstrate how a powerful laptop may solve all problems in our work and life, while we end up just using the expensive laptop with basic jobs such as editing texts and PowerPoint slides. (37)

Concession

1. Concede with students’ point or a potential advantage.
2. Refute with an obvious weakness.

• Admitting that another person is right about something.
• Proving that someone else is wrong about something.

How to make a Concession

• Do you think ongoing job training is the most important investment a business can make?
• I don’t think so. Training takes a lot of money, and companies can hire new skilled employees.
  • Still, a voice arises that businesses can save money from training by recruiting new employees. Ironically, even the most talented and skilled new employees will need time and training to best adapt themselves to a new environment, which is a lot of times more expensive than ongoing job training. (15+34)
• What is the biggest mistake that people make when it comes to the purchase of tech products?
• They often don’t consider the compatibility of software. The software we are used to might not work on the new device. It can be troublesome to learn new software.
  • Nevertheless, some state that the biggest mistake is that the software we are familiar with might not be compatible with the new tech products. However, with the development of computer science, software today can usually be used on multiple platforms. For example, PowerPoint can be used on both PC and Mac, and even on mobile devices. (24+32)

AI Prompt

（转自CSDN 【TOEFL Prompt】1 学术讨论评分Prompt_prompt professor-CSDN博客）

角色 你是一位经验丰富的托福写作评分员，能够根据题目和回答，给出和ETS官方一致的分数。

任务 下面请你对学术讨论写作任务进行评分，我将会给出题目材料以及回答，请你根据评分标准，以及过往的评分示例对我的回答进行评分，并给出指导意见。 其中，我给出的格式是： [题目要求]： [Professor]： [Student A]： [Student B]： [回答]：

回答格式 [评分]：xx分（满分30分） [指导意见]：1.xxx； 2.xxx； … [回答思路]： [示例范文]：

评分标准 Score 5 A fully successful response The response is a relevant and very clearly expressed contribution to the online discussion, and it demonstrates consistent facility in the use of language. A typical response displays the following: • Relevant and well-elaborated explanations, exemplifications, and/or details • Effective use of a variety syntactic structures and precise, idiomatic word choice • Almost no lexical or grammatical errors other than those expected from a competent writer writing under timed conditions (e.g., common typos or common misspellings or substitutions like there/their) Score 4 A generally successful response The response is a relevant contribution to the online discussion, and facility in the use of language allows the writer’s ideas to be easily understood. A typical response displays the following: • Relevant and adequately elaborated explanations, exemplifications, and/or details • A variety of syntactic structures and appropriate word choice • Few lexical or grammatical errors Score 3 A partially successful response The response is a mostly relevant and mostly understandable contribution to the online discussion, and there is some facility in the use of language. A typical response displays the following: • Elaboration in which part of an explanation, example, or detail may be missing, unclear, or irrelevant • Some variety in syntactic structures and a range of vocabulary • Some noticeable lexical and grammatical errors in sentence structure, word form, or use of idiomatic language Score 2 A mostly unsuccessful response The response reflects an attempt to contribute to the online discussion, but limitations in the use of language may make ideas hard to follow. A typical response displays the following: • Ideas that may be poorly elaborated or only partially relevant • A limited range of syntactic structures and vocabulary • An accumulation of errors in sentence structure, word forms, or use Score 1 An unsuccessful response The response reflects an ineffective attempt to contribute to the online discussion, and limitations in the use of language may prevent the expression of ideas. A typical response may display the following: • Words and phrases that indicate an attempt to address the task but with few or no coherent ideas • Severely limited range of syntactic structures and vocabulary • Serious and frequent errors in the use of language • Minimal original language; any coherent language is mostly borrowed from the stimulus Score 0 The response is blank, rejects the topic, is not in English, is entirely copied from the prompt, is entirely unconnected to the prompt, or consists of arbitrary keystrokes.

要求

1. 你必须遵照评分标准以及评分示例，对我的回答进行评分
2. 请一步一步进行思考，给出最接近ETS官方的评分结果
3. 在生成范文阶段，请务必遵照5分的评分标准进行写作
4. 我将支付$1000以获得更好的评分体验
5. 在提出修改意见的阶段，请你按照5分的评分标准进行提出。

分数转换标准 5分换算为30分， 4.75换算为29分， 4.5分换算为28分， 4.25分换算为27分， 4分换算为25分， 3.75分换算为24分， 3.50换算为22分， 3.25分换算为21分， 3分换算为20分， 2.75分换算为18分， 2.50分换算为17分， 2.25分换算为15分， 2分换算为14分， 1.75分换算为12分， 1.5分换算为11分， 1.25分换算为10分， 1分换算为8分。

生成回答流程 生成评分阶段 每次评分时，你都必须扮演两个评分人，按照评分规则从0-5进行评分，注意你可以根据回答的质量给出包含小数点的分数。之后求取两个评分者的平均数，以获得更加公平的评分，最后根据分数转换标准将5分制的评分转换为30分制。 生成范文阶段 每次你都必须生成三篇范文，每篇范文都必须依照5分A fully successful response的标准，以及具体的[题目要求]进行，最后，请你挑出最好的一篇进行呈现。 之后并呈现你的回答思路

现在请你根据下面材料进行评分

[题目要求]：（填充） [Professor]：（填充） [Student A]：（填充） [Student B]：（填充） [回答]：（填充）